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Russian Nature

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Our Field Ecology Center published more than 180 methodical materials for nature studies. Some of them are in English:
Mobile educational application: Ecological Field Studies Techniques on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of North America: Songs and Calls Decoys on Play.Google WILD FLOWERS OF RUSSIA Field Identification Guide on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of Russia on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of Russia Songs, Calls and Voices on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of Europe Songs, Calls and Voices on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of Europe Songs, Calls and Voices on Play.Google
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Biomes and Regions of Northern Eurasia

The Mountains of Central Asia and Kazakhstan

<<< The Formation and Morphology of the Mountains | Biomes & Regions Index | Exogenic Processes and Main Types of Relief >>>

Earthquakes

One of the consequences of the continental collision is high seismic activity across the southern margin of the FSU (Figure 16.3).

Seismic regionalization in Central Asia

Fig. 16.3 Seismic regionalization in Central Asia. After Alpatiev (1976)

The Complex Seismological Expedition, established in the region of Garni in the aftermath of the Khait earthquake of 1949, has recorded more than 90000 crustal earthquakes since 1955 (Hamburger et d., 1992). The Central Asian mountains have also been a scene for many devastating historical earthquakes. Thus between 1914 and 1957, there were four earthquakes with a magnitude of 8-9 points on the Richter scale in the Kopetdagh alone and in ten years between 1985 and 1995, there were sixteen earthquakes with a magnitude exceeding 6.5 points across the region (Vysokogornye issledovamya, 1996). In earlier history, the world's most devastating earthquakes occurred in the densely populated valleys: in the Chuisky oasis in 1885, in Alma-Ata in 1887, in the Gissar valley in 1907, in Ashgabat in 1948, in the Surkhob valley in 1949, and in Tashkent in 1966. The Surkhob earthquake of 1949, which reached 10 points, completely destroyed the ancient town of Khait, claiming over a thousand lives. The Surkhob valley was one of the richest agricultural areas in the Pamir-Alay whose slopes, covered with thick loess and loess-loam mantles were intensively cultivated over 300 years. Much of the devastation was due to gigantic landslides and mudflows which followed the earthquake, transporting over 4 x 1010m3 of material and destroying over a half of the highly productive arable land (Merzlyakova, 1996). Landslides and rockfalls are often responsible for damming the rivers and the formation of lakes. Perhaps the most dramatic example is the formation of Lake Sarezskoe in 1911 by a landslide which formed a 750 m high dam across the river Murgab. The lake, which is over 60 km long and over 500 m deep, is the second deepest lake in the region after the Issyk-Kul. Earthquakes are often accompanied by land subsidence. The formation of grabens occurred during the Alma-Ata earthquake in 1911 and numerous fissures appearing as overthrusts occur on the northern shore of the Issyk-Kul.

<<< The Formation and Morphology of the Mountains | Biomes & Regions Index | Exogenic Processes and Main Types of Relief >>>

 

 


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